Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 2307 Words

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a life-long developmental disorder with a neuro-biological basis that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges. A diagnosis of ASD now includes several conditions that formerly were diagnosed separately: autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, and Asperger syndrome. ASD varies significantly in character and severity, it occurs in all ethnic and socioeconomic groups and affects every age group. Males are four times more likely to have an ASD than females (NINDS, 2014). There is no known cure for autism, and scientists are not certain what causes autism. There are essentially two theories as to the causation of ASD: genetic predisposition†¦show more content†¦Exposure to and use of these products could be responsible for gene mutation and therefore ASD. The EPA studies report that everyone has PCB’s (polychlorinated biphenyls) in their body. Phthalates, used in shampoos, cosmetic products, as plasticizers for water bottles, and denaturants in other food products, is a known endocrine and hormone disrupter and is one of many suspected toxins when it comes to the cause of autism (NIEHS, 2014). Over the last 20 years there has been a rapid rise in the rate of autism. The overarching consensus is that no matter the genesis for ASD, it results in abnormalities in brain structure and function. Identifying causation may lead to a cure, or the ability to identify genetic markers for the disorder. Finding causation could help us eliminate known teratogens from our environment, foods, and products still being used today. ASD is difficult to diagnose because there is no one medical test to diagnose the disorder. Some people have been misdiagnosed with other conditions such as mental retardation, ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, nonverbal learning disability and other various types of emotional disorders. These traits that have been closely associated with ASD. Diagnosis [of Asperger’s Syndrome] tends to center primarily on difficulties with social interactions (Autism Speaks, 2014). People with

Analysis Of Homer s The Odyssey - 2263 Words

Jonathan Martial 11/7/14 Major Authors: Homer Love: How Far Will They Go To Obtain It – Greece’s fostering of love There are many ways an individual may view The Odyssey with a myriad of variations of the same view. One of these many variations can be the aspect of love and its effects on the characters within Homer’s epic. Love, in Odysseus’ case, governs his will to get back home to his wife, son, and kingdom from his long and tiring journey. During his journey Odysseus undergoes a series of strenuous trials that puts his mental aptitude as well as his physical fortitude to the most extreme test. There are times that Odysseus comes close to being swayed by those around him and those of which he encounters but in the end he fights through it all, as painful as it may be, to get back home to his beloved. Love is a powerful idea that transcends the virtual world of abstraction once it’s being expressed to its fullest extent; that love once exceeding human bounds almost permeates in an awe-inspiring way. One’s devotion to a significant other or interest in another ca uses them to act in particular ways that if love wasn’t involved they would not have behaved in that way. Due to the strength of love’s effects on people, it can cause a rather sour side effect in the stead of positive outcomes. In the case of Odysseus, as much as he did have love for his kingdom he did not want to go to war. Despite that he had to leave for ten years but this ultimately led him toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1202 Words   |  5 Pagescoping with the idea of losing his father and letting others to rule Ithaca. It is noticeable from the beginning of The Odyssey, written by Homer that Telemachus finds himself in a complicated situation where his life is seen to be in danger. He is a character of being distance from people. The idea of Telemachus becoming his own father, threatens suitor’s control in Ithaca. Homer describes Telemachus as a teenager who has not found himself and is on a mission to become an adult as his fath er. TelemachusRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1095 Words   |  5 Pagesused in Homer’s Odyssey is the digression. The digression is departure from the main storyline that does not alter the action of the story, but adds a layer of sentimental content to the plot which usually helps underscore themes central to the story. The digressions in the Odyssey are meticulously written with great attention to detail just like the rest of the epic, and they truly help readers grasp the important aspects of the story. The liberal use of digression in the Odyssey helps build a vividRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer2018 Words   |  9 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer is more light in tone than the Iliad, of the same author: The good wins while the evil is punished. Even though the gods are still strict, the relationship between Odysseus and Athena is a more sincere and equal a relationship than between God and Man in the Iliad. Odysseus is distinguished not only by hi s bravery, but largely by his intellect and cunning. He is the type of resourceful man whom never gives up, thinks of the causes, is reverent and never gives in. The Odyssey isRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, By Homer915 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the Odyssey, the hero, Odysseus is portrayed in two different and contradicting lights: the wise hero and the capricious leader blinded by his own pride. The epic writer, Homer, embodies the theme of hubris throughout Odysseus’ journey home. The idea of hubris, a trait of excessive pride, significantly develops personalities of characters within The Odyssey, and Homer ultimately creates a statement about excessive pride. The dual portrayal of Odysseus leads the reader to ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages The word â€Å"Family†, according to Merriam Webster, is thought to be a group of people brought together by common affiliation. The same cannot be said for the culture in the Odyssey by Homer. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is trying to get back home from fighting in the Trojan War. He has been away from home for almost 20 years longing to just be reunited with his kinfolk. Along the way, he comes across many obstacles that hinders him from reaching his home and family in in Ithaca. Luckily, the memoriesRead MoreAnalysis Of Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey2253 Words   |  10 Pagesand Midwifery Council, 2006). The literature surrounding the subject of mentorship is vast and fails to provide a single definition, however the terms used are often similar. Colley (2000) writes that the word mentor originated in Homer’s poem ‘Odyssey’ in which the character oversees the development of Telemachus. Usually mentoring describes the process of an experienced team member using their skills and knowledge to educate and develop a junior or less skilled co-worker (Chartered Institute ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1483 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in The Odyssey Violence in Literature can take any form, whether it be natural disaster like and earthquake or a human based disaster like war (Campbell). In Homer’s The Odyssey both types are found†¦ whether it’s Odysseus’s hardships like making it home or dealing with the wrath of the god Poseidon. Every violent scene has its own reasons, some are more reasonable than others. For instance, the gods were angered by the disobedience of the mortals, this is more reasonable than the killingRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 795 Words   |  4 Pages Odysseus Epic Hero In the Epic, â€Å"The Odyssey, spoken by Homer, conveys a heroic tale of an epic hero named, Odysseus, who faces many challenges as he sails to get home. One of the tasks Odysseus faces is, The Sirens, who challenge Odysseus s will power. Another challenge Odysseus encounters is, â€Å"The Cyclops, who torments and slaughters some of Odysseus s men due to his curiosity. One of the hardest threats he had to confront was, â€Å"The Land ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey1636 Words   |  7 PagesGreek society, Homer’s The Odyssey provides a detailed insight into the values of this intricate culture. In particular, this epic discusses the ways in which the deathless gods influence the fates of the mortals. The overall impact of the gods’ power is the mental straining that emerges from the unrelenting conflict of man versus immortal. Likewise, the actions and misfortunes of others also catalyze this extremely significant and powerful mental battle. Homerâ€⠄¢s The Odyssey reveals the values of ancientRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1128 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey shows a lot of different stereotypes for women throughout the book, taking action to get what they want. Odysseus is trying to get back home after ten long years since the fall of troy, and his son is going out to find him. Throughout the book Odysseus meets lots of woman who vary in personality. He meets woman with the stereotypes: â€Å"mantis†- dominant, eats its mate, destroys to gain power, feared by many. â€Å"Damsel in distress†- persecuted maiden, woman placed in a dire predicament requires

Pursuit of Happiness Movie Review Free Essays

The Pursuit Of Happyness In today’s society, people spend their whole life searching for happiness. Millions of people today in America still have belief in the â€Å"American Dream† myth. The â€Å"American Dream† gives a person the right of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on Pursuit of Happiness Movie Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Happiness can only be found once a person achieves the American Dream through hard work, determination, and persistence. The movie ‘The Pursuit Of Happyness’ asserts the American Dream myth through the life of Chris Gardener that every man can achieve what one wants in life if he or she is ready to struggle for it. Chris Gardener is a salesman who is unable to meet his ends, but still dreams of being financially free and happy one day. The first scene in the movie creates the characteristics that are required for a man to be able to conquer the American Dream. One of the characteristics being: Hard work. The first sequence in the movie takes place in San Francisco where large numbers of people are walking to their jobs with happy faces with happy background music. Chris is shown as a person who looks up to them and relinquishes the happiness in their faces. Chris sells Bone Density scanners to make a living, a medical instrument that does not sell easily. He is portrayed as a hardworking, unfortunate, browbeaten human who dreams of being able achieve the American Dream. He also has problems with the police and IRS for parking tickets and tax respectively. To be able to meet ends, he works hard and goes to multiple hospitals to sell the scanners and earn money. As we all know, everyone needs these qualities to be able to achieve something in life. Thus this portrays the idea that if you are like Chris you also will be able to achieve the American Dream. This is an example of logos since it uses the idea that no result will come without hard work to depict an image that ones who do not struggle with not get anywhere in life and ones who will. The only way people are able to achieve anything in today’s world is by hard word, this is mainly due to enormous competition. May it be a student or an executive, everyone these days are expected to work to their fullest to be able attain their dreams in life. Another characteristic that is portrayed in the movie is that of attitude, various attitudes towards dealing with things in life will always give you a different result at the end. An example of this is witnessed in the next scene of the movie that consists of a conversation between Chris and his wife Linda about how they are going to manage their financial problems. This scene portrays the attitude by which one must approach a goal with. Chris tells her that he is planning of joining an internship program as a stockbroker at Dean Witter, such that he would be able to take care of the family. Linda on the other hand scorns him and makes a sarcastic comment such as, â€Å"Stockbroker why not an astronaut†. Chris has a positive attitude to how he is going to manage their ends, whereas Linda on the other hand has a very negative approach to matters in life and has given up all hopes they will be able to fix their problems. The background has no music to provide an element of anticipation for the viewers. The use of pathos is noticed since it displays contrasting attitudes of a Dreamer and a Failure in life. The result for being positive is witnessed at the end when Chris is able to get the job and lead a happy life whereas, Linda on the other hand leaves to New York and never seen again. Since Chris is portrayed as the Dreamer it shows the audience that one must always look at things with a positive attitude to achieve the American Dream. People always agree that once you lose your willingness to reach something in life you will never be able to get it. Being able to face problems with a positive attitude is required to able to think clearly and correctly. Thinking clearly provides the Dreamer with clear thoughts and motivation that he is needed to be able to achieve his or her goal. Persistence has become a key element in people’s lives these days due to the large competition for each job opening. Even if one fails the first time, they must try again and again till one is successful in life. This can be seen later in the movie; Chris turns in his application personally to the head of recourses Mr. Jay Twistle. Once he had submitted his application he was persistent in trying to impress Mr. Jay such that he would be guaranteed a spot for the internship. To make sure he impresses Mr. Jay he shares a ride with him and tries to solve the Rubik’s cube which is thought to be impossible to solve. Due to his success in solving the cube Mr. Jay is impressed with his talents and is called in for an interview. Throughout this sequence Chris is once again displayed a person who will never give up. Just the night before his interview he was arrested but still does not give up. He does everything he can such that he can make the interview on time. This scene shows that every positive action towards a goal is stepping stone towards the achieving the American Dream. Since this is the start of his change in life the background music creates a joyful but surprise theme hinting that this man is going to succeed in life if he keeps up with these qualities. This provides an element of ethos since it explains the qualities needed for successfully achieving the American Dream through the life of Chris. In today’s world if one gives up pursuing what they want in their life it will never come, dreams are things that never come and fall in your hands; it constantly needs thoughtful advances made by the Dreamer. As seen in the movie Chris never gives up till he gets the job therefore portraying the amount of pursuing one must do to achieve something in life. It provides evidence that if one person is able to achieve the American Dream through persistence, then everyone who tries to achieve the American Dream will also be able to fulfill their dreams. Determination is one of the key elements behind any successful American Dream dreamer. Even though by this time he has lost wife and house he does not give up. To be able to survive during his internship he would work twice as hard as he used to. He would try to finish an 8 hour job in 6 hours, and sell the remaining scanners he had during that time for money. When he thought that he could start living peacefully since he was able to sell enough scanners to make a living, the IRS takes all his money for not paying taxes. He lives in community homes with his son but never gives up hope in his dream. At the end of the internship, he is called in by Mr. Frakesh to congratulate on his new job. This shows the amount of determination one must be willing to put forward. To be able to achieve such a huge dream one cannot relax until their dream is fulfilled. As seen from the movie every second is precious when one is dreaming, a perfect example is shown when Chris does a 8 hour job in 6 hours, this shows that one can never waste time when they are determined to accomplish something in life. With today’s growing competition for every job opening, people have to work harder and harder. Even a small hint of withdrawal from a hundred percent effort will lead one’s dream to vanish in no time. As seen in Chris’s life even though he had lost everything in his life he did not give up his efforts he put into his internship. This in turn allowed him to be successfully hired as a full time stockbroker. As the saying goes â€Å"There is always hard work and sweat in every success†. In conclusion, hard-work, persistence, and determination are the key elements that will help and guide a man who would like to live the American Dream. Even in today’s world people still believe in that efforts would pay off someday or another as they wish. These people are the great dreams whom still feel that the American Dream still exists and has not vanished just like Chris dreamt. So if anyone one of you have a dream then you should never give up, all you need to do is keep trying. How to cite Pursuit of Happiness Movie Review, Essay examples

How To Write Effective Informative Speech free essay sample

Imagine you are unable to get out of bed, to eat, unassisted. Needing another to clothe and bathe you day in and day out. Is that living? When it’s your time to go, would that be dying with dignity? Let’s say you have a chronic illness and you are in extreme physical pain. Wouldn’t you want the right to ask your doctor to end your suffering? Or is that treading too far? Welcome to the debate of euthanasia. Today I will discuss the history and argumentation of assisted suicide. Assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, is a hot-button issue that was brought into the light by Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian was a controversial activist who tried to legalize assisted suicide under the argument that everyone deserves a humane death. There had been much debate on the issue, and our legislatures have explored what the practice entails and the moral implications of assisted suicide. However, it is still illegal in all of the United States. But Physician Aid in Dying or PAD is legal in Washington, Oregon, and Montana. The difference is that euthanasia involves a third party to administer the dose, whereas PAD leaves it up to the patient to take it. In this presentation I will focus solely on euthanasia, including the role of Dr. Kevorkian and the moral implications of legalizing assisted suicide. The concept of choosing a time to die with the help of a physician was first medically explored by Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Born in Royal Oak, Michigan, he attended the University of Michigan. There, he saw patients suffering. Especially in cases where there was no cure available, he wanted to end their suffering in a humane way. In his own words Dr. Kevorkian stated, â€Å"I’m going to do it right.† That was published in the New York Times in 2007. According to a 2011 New York Times article, in 1990 Kevorkian helped 130 people die using his machine titled the Thanatron, which is Greek for â€Å"death machine.† A 2011 Washington Post article described his infamous death machine, which is said to have been made from scraps. Other methods Kevorkian employed were carbon monoxide masking and overdose by injection. His practice earned him the nickname Doctor Death. Due to the contentious nature of the procedures, Dr. Kevorkian had to perform them in secrecy; as I stated, this was not an open practice. No church or hospital would host his practice. This forced Dr. Kevorkian to perform assisted suicides in his VW van. However, Dr. Kevorkian grew tired of doing everything in secrecy, and the demand was high. So, he brought his practice out into the public sphere. By publicizing his work, writing about the need for assisted suicide and the humanness of dying with dignity, he started a great debate in the United States in a more elaborate and graphic attempt to draw public attention. Dr. Kevorkian taped a filming of an assisted suicide by a man who had Lou Gehrig’s disease. The taping was shown on 60 Minutes in order to draw the attention of the courts, and attention he got. The courts decided that the taping of his assisted suicide was considered first-degree murder. In 1999 NPR stated that the court sentenced Dr. Kevorkian to 10 to 25 years for this, but he only served 8. He was released on parole on June 1, 2007, on the condition that he would not offer advice on suicide to anyone. He died four years later of natural causes. Before he died, however, Kevorkian stated, â€Å"Dying is not a crime.† And ever since he called attention to the idea and practice of assisted suicide, people have been debating the â€Å"how† of that quote. Indeed it is how one enters death that stems all the debate. The moral implications alone are enough to prompt the nation’s most notable academics and doctors to take a look at assisted suicide, also known as death counseling and euthanasia. According to an article released by the New York Times in 2011, 60% of Kevorkian’s patients who chose to be euthanized were not terminally ill. In addition, the biggest critique of the method was the lack of psychiatric analysis and counseling before the procedure. According to another 2011 New York Times article, in at least 19 cases persons chose to die within 24 hours of meeting Dr. Kevorkian. The Economist stated, â€Å"Studies of those who sought Dr. Kevorkian suggest that though many had a  worsening illness it was not usually terminal. Autopsies show that five people had no disease at all. Little over a third were in pain. Some presumably suffered from no more than hypochondria or depressionâ€Å" (June 9, 2011). In response to this Kevorkian stated on CNN, â€Å"What difference does it make if someone is terminal? We are all terminal† (June 14, 2010). You see, for Kevorkian a patient didn’t necessarily need to be terminal, just suffering. â€Å"While there are heavy critiques against the procedure, Kevorkian’s work can be credited for stimulating the debate and improving end-of-life care in the United States.† That was printed in the Detroit Free Press in 2011. Its history is synonymous with the name Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian, while his work was controversial, did make public the topic of extreme patient suffering and a doctor’s role in addressing it. Whether you support or oppose Dr. Kevorkian’s work, remember that there is only one absolute in life, that it will end one day. When your time comes, I hope you are able to go with as much dignity as you lived.

Marketing the $100 Laptop free essay sample

I. Central Problem/Issue OLPC/Negropante needs to reach five million minimum laptop orders before starting production or else the cost of producing the laptops would be exorbitant. Although there have been six million purchase orders from various countries there are still no firm deals in place (i. e. no deposits, etc. ). The new concept of the laptop as revolutionary teaching tool that Negropante espouses, one that is child-centric, that allows children to play and build without restrictions (of Microsoft’s suite of software) must also be proven in order for the project to gain more acceptance as an educational laptop of choice. II. SWOT analysis The organization’s internal Strengths product’s strengths include the following: 1. The company’s founder is a successful VC who is well known for being a social entrepreneur has connections and is considered a favoured figure amongst national leaders whose motives are less likely questioned. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing the 0 Laptop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. OLPC as a non-profit organization/project, created to champion the human right of primary education, is admired and trusted by many and is seen as an entity driven to really help and not just out to make profits. . Strongly backed up and supported and even funded by various international organizations and technology companies including: UN, AMD, Google, Red Hat, Brightstar, Marvell, eBay New Corphas strengthens its credibility and ability to innovate. 4. First-mover advantage in introducing a low-priced laptop. 5. The $ 100 laptop has the lowest price in the low-priced category of laptops and is therefore the most affordable. 6. Technical aspects of design that provided the laptop a competitive edge, thanks to the global design contributors brought about the computer’s attractive features: light-weight, built-in Wi-fi connectivity, router/connection device, rugged/tough, low-power LCD screen processor LiPeFo4 batteries (less toxic). 7. On the manufacturing side, OLPC is assured by Quanta to produce a million laptops per month, this quick production is quite amazing considering that the global production of laptops totals only 5 million units per month. While its Weaknesses are as follows: 1. In the technology industry, the first-mover advantage does not last long. OLPC needs to act fast and start producing the laptops before competition starts learning from their mistakes and can eventually overtake them. 2. The laptop has no global brand recognition unlike most of its competitors who are established seasoned players in the industry. 3. The low-pricing strategy might send out wrong signals that the quality of the laptop is inferior and substandard. . Supplier power is very strong given that they do not have a well established supply chain, a single unit needing to source out 800 parts from multiple suppliers. 5. The $200-250 million per nation investment scheme is an exorbitant amount most especially for developing countries. An external analysis of the industry shows the below Opportunities: 1. Estimate of worldwide PC usage is 1 billion (in 2008) which will double by 2015, the bulk of growth expected in the BRIC countries. 2. Broad worldwide consensus that education especially through technology would alleviate hardship in developing countries. and its Threats: 1. Reports of some US schools that laptops are instead becoming distractions and that they have found no evidence in increased improvements of students is an alarming and valid concern that can stop the OLPC project. 2. Prevailing perception that developing nations should first address issues of more basic necessities such as food, shelter, electricity and health; therefore, funds should be focused here instead of being funnelled to education and/or technology. . Aside from having limited funds, governments of developing countries are well known as being highly bureaucratic and have as stated in the case a fickle nature; therefore, negotiations may never finish or may take a long time to conclude. 4. Most jobs require MS Office know-how, this can become a hindrance considering the paradigm shift away from â€Å"Wintel† that Negroponte is pu tting forward. III. Options Based on the SWOT identified above, the following strategies or options can be undertaken: S-O Strategies Instead of just focusing on the millions of children of developing countries, OLPC can expand the project’s target market to include children from developed countries. There are after all richer countries that have disfranchised or marginalized sectors that live below the subsistence level, it may not be as significant as those present in the developing world, but they are there and they would benefit as well from OLPC’s project. The laptop’s educational benefits, its cost and energy saving features should be made available for everyone. Aside from education being a primary right the environmental benefits, energy-saving features of the laptop is significantly noteworthy as its environmental stress is far less than those of existing laptop technology. In increasing its global scope, economies of scale needed in lessening the laptop’s production cost can be achieved. (S3, S5, S6, S7, O1) * There are a number of non-profit international organizations out there that have grassroots orientation, such as World Vision (to name a few), that can help and be a leading proponent in endorsing and verifying the benefits and/or positive effects of the XO laptop in the school room. Developing these joint ventures or tie-ups can increase the credibility of the laptop as a much more viable educational tool, a better way akin a constructionist approach. (O2, S2, S6) S-T Strategies * Adding or stressing on a social responsibility angle can pressure governments to act post haste. Add here wide media exposure that can clearly display or heighten the urgency of the advocacy, where a huge number of participant cooperation is needed in order for the project to fly and commence production and start benefiting its end users. By publicly announcing commitments, backing out at the last minute would be thought of twice, thrice, a thousand times, as this will be greatly frowned upon by the global community. (S1, S2, S3, S5, T3) * Continue to leverage on its image by building and strengthening partnerships in developing a comprehensive and sustainable plan that will integrate the educational and technological aspect of the OLPC project. The people at OLPC should work with other organizations and government entities and not act as a stand-alone entity in addressing the problems of poverty which is a multi-faceted issue. Just like the ugly heads of the famous Hydra monster of the Greek mythology, killing one head will not solve the problem but can even sprout more problems. Therefore addressing the problems simultaneously and in an integrated manner will produce the dreamed results. (S1, S2, S3, T2) W-O Strategies * As mentioned earlier, being the first-mover in the IT industry can at times be more of a bane instead of a boon and that followers more often times than not benefit more by learning from the mistakes of the leaders. Therefore, the entry strategy must be geared towards building aggressively. The attractiveness of the untapped market can be clearly seen as competitors make a mad dash to grab market share and within a year have Intel launching its Classmate PC, in India Enocre-Mobilis ASUS with its EeePC. Tying this up with the initial strategies above and the one just mentioned (i. e. widening target market, tie-ups joint ventures) a tweak in the business model can also be done. By applying price discrimination, the cost of units for developing countries can be subsidized by the higher priced units sold to developed countries. This in turn will have a domino effect and can help lessen the minimum investment requirement of 1M computers per country which as mentioned in the case can reach as much as a $200-250 million investment. (O1, O2, W1, W4, W5) W-T Strategies * Proof of concept – that paradigm shift into a more constructionist approach in teaching or child-centric approach is much more effective than a teacher-centric one must be investigated and proven. Quantifiable and qualitative assessment can be done in areas of pilot testing such Villa Cardal, which then should be shared to the global community. W2, W3, T1, T4) SWOT Analysis INTERNAL EXTERNAL | Strengths 1. Social entrepreneur 2. OLPC non-profit organization/project, 3. Backed up and supported by international bodies IT companies credibility and ability to innovate. 4. First-mover advantage 5. Lowest price 6. Technical aspects 7. Assured quick production by Quanta| Weaknesses 1. Technology industry first-mover 2. N o global brand recognition 3. Pricing signals 4. Supplier power is very strong 5. 1 million units ($200-250 million) per nation investment scheme | Opportunities 1. Estimate of worldwide PC usage is 1 billion (in 2008) which will double by 2015, the bulk of growth expected in the BRIC countries. 2. worldwide consensus that education would alleviate hardship in developing countries. | S-O Strategies * expand target market to achieve economies of scale (S3, S5, S6, S7, O1) * joint venture tie-ups with like-minded international orgs that have grassroots orientation i. e. World Vision (O2, S2, S6)| W-O Strategies * build aggressively price discrimination for subsidy which can then lessen the minimum investment on 1M computers(O1, O2, W1, W4, W5) | Threats 1. Laptops are distractions 2. address issues of more basic necessities first 3. governments bureaucratic and fickle 4. MS office as a requirement for many jobs| S-T Strategies * Leverage on social responsibility (S1, S2, S5, T3) * partnership tie-ups for a more comprehensive and sustainable plan (S1, S2, S3, T2) * high media exposure (S1, S2, S3, T3)| W-T Strategies * proof of concept – proposed paradigm shift where a more constructionist approach in teaching or child-centric approach is much more effective than a teacher-centric one (W2, W3, T1, T4)| IV. Recommendation OLPC and Nicholas Negroponte’s social venture is two-fold in nature. Hinge in a dream which that they want to make reality: (1) education through laptops made very affordable and accessible to a greater number of people in the bottom of the pyramid and (2) to allow the incoming generations to break free from the â€Å"Wintel† monopoly which he deems dampens and restricts creativity of the learning process. It may have been unintentional but because of their existence, laptop prices have taken a dive as new models have been created and have been made more affordable by a number of technology companies. In the first goal they have somewhat succeeded. But hitting the target $100 price tag is still unreachable unless economies of scale can be employed. In order to achieve this, targeting a wider diverse market is needed. The use of price discrimination can also help in that higher priced units sold in developed countries can subsidize laptop units to be distributed in developing countries. Since OLPC directly and firstly have to deal with governments they must find means and ways to manoeuvre in their bureaucratic and fickle nature. Bringing in wide media exposure can help hasten and stress the urgency of the project plus influence and pressure governments to commit fully. Alternatives must also be proposed in terms of investment plans. Given the limited financial resources of developing countries, investment of one million laptops at a time per country must be made more flexible and should not be set in stone; i. e. allowances for lesser amounts of investment to fit respective government’s budgets. On the other hand, the 2nd goal is still far from ever being reached unless the strategies stated in the options part above are undertaken. A repositioning or refocus of the value proposition from price to and educational tool of choice must obviously be carried out. This differentiation will obviously be attacked by competitors. Therefore, in order to counter this and have a wider acceptance, proof of concept, tie-ups, etc must be embarked upon. V. Plan of action (tactical) Given the 1M at a time investment, a minimum of 5 countries must fully commit in order to surpass the five million units minimum order requirement. Applying the above recommendation of flexibility, say 50% of 1M units or 500,000 laptops can be a much acceptable size of investment, and can be the difference that can make developing countries commit. If the above proposed change in strategy is still not enough to reach the 5 million units investment, expanding the target market or enlarging the scope of the laptop’s benefits can be carried out. Including even children of developed countries will bring about supplying a larger market base that will lead to the much needed economies of scale to start production. Opening up the technology to others aside from the developing countries and pricing the units at a higher price can also help finance fully or even partially those to be released in developing ones. For example, a laptop unit purchased in the U. S can be priced at a range of $300-400; the profit of $100-200 can then be subtracted to one unit sold in a developing country. In order to achieve the full aim of the program, that is to decrease and fight poverty n developing areas, a focus on a much more comprehensive and sustainable programs must be created in tandem with other organizations focused on other aspects of addressing poverty. To gain wider acceptance and credibility of the method of teaching with which the technology embedded in the laptop promotes, a proof of concept as suggested above must be done. Effects of improvements in academic performance must therefore be measured. This at the same time will serve as a shield or protection against attacks of competitors on the stren gth of the pursued advocacy.

How to Write a Thesis Statement With Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement With Examples A thesis statement provides the foundation for your entire research paper or essay. This statement is the central assertion that you want to express in your essay. A successful thesis statement is one that is made up of one or two sentences clearly laying out your central idea and expressing an informed, reasoned answer to your research question. Usually, the thesis statement will appear at the end of the first paragraph of your paper. There are a few different types, and the content of your thesis statement will depend upon the type of paper you’re writing. Key Takeaways: Writing a Thesis Statement A thesis statement gives your reader a preview of your papers content by laying out your central idea and expressing an informed, reasoned answer to your research question.Thesis statements will vary depending on the type of paper you are writing, such as an expository essay, argument paper, or analytical essay.Before creating a thesis statement, determine whether you are defending a stance, giving an overview of an event, object, or process, or analyzing your subject Expository Essay Thesis Statement Examples An expository essay exposes the reader to a new topic; it informs the reader with details, descriptions, or explanations of a subject. If you are writing an expository essay, your thesis statement should explain to the reader what she will learn in your essay. For example: The United States spends more money on its military budget than all the industrialized nations combined.Gun-related homicides and suicides are increasing after years of decline.Hate crimes have increased three years in a row, according to the FBI.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases the risk of stroke and arterial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat). These statements provide a statement of fact about the topic (not just opinion) but leave the door open for you to elaborate with plenty of details. In an expository essay, you dont need to develop an argument or prove anything; you only need to understand your topic and present it in a logical manner. A good thesis statement in an expository essay always leaves the reader wanting more details. Types of Thesis Statements Before creating a thesis statement, its important to ask a few basic questions, which will help you determine the kind of essay or paper you plan to create: Are you defending a stance in a controversial essay?Are you simply giving an overview or describing an event, object, or process?Are you conducting an analysis of an event, object, or process? In every thesis statement, you will give the reader a preview of your papers content, but the message will differ a little depending on the essay type. Argument Thesis Statement Examples If you have been instructed to take a stance on one side of a controversial issue, you will need to write an argument essay. Your thesis statement should express the stance you are taking and may give the reader a preview or a hint of your evidence. The thesis of an argument essay could look something like the following: Self-driving cars are too dangerous and should be banned from the roadways.The exploration of outer space is a waste of money; instead, funds should go toward solving issues on Earth, such as poverty, hunger, global warming, and traffic congestion.The U.S. must crack down on illegal immigration.Street cameras and street-view maps have led to a total loss of privacy in the United States and elsewhere. These thesis statements are effective because they offer opinions that can be supported by evidence. If you are writing an argument essay, you can craft your own thesis around the structure of the statements above. Analytical Essay Thesis Statement Examples In an analytical essay assignment, you will be expected to break down a topic, process, or object in order to observe and analyze your subject piece by piece. Examples of a thesis statement for an analytical essay include: The criminal justice reform bill passed by the U.S. Senate in late 2018 (The First Step Act) aims to reduce prison sentences that disproportionately fall on nonwhite criminal defendants.The rise in populism and nationalism in the U.S. and European democracies has coincided with the decline of moderate and centrist parties that have dominated since WWII.Later-start school days increase student success for a variety of reasons. Because the role of the thesis statement is to state the central message of your entire paper, it is important to revisit (and maybe rewrite) your thesis statement after the paper is written. In fact, it is quite normal for your message to change as you construct your paper.

Impact of Reservoirs in the UK on the Surrounding Community Dissertation

Impact of Reservoirs in the UK on the Surrounding Community - Dissertation Example Center of discussion in this paper are reservoirs, man-made bodies of open water serving as public water supply sources, as winter storage for crop irrigation or as flood storage facilities in association with river corridors. FWR describes two types of reservoirs – upland reservoirs and lowland reservoirs. Upland reservoirs are built across river valleys and so they are described as upland reservoirs. Reservoirs such as those to which water is pumped from a nearby river source rather than filling naturally as with impounding reservoirs are known as lowland reservoirs. According to FWR much of the water supply infrastructure in the UK was developed at the end of the 19th century when impounding reservoirs were constructed in upland locations in order to provide water supply to conurbans which were often many miles away. Reservoirs were often located in areas where the catchment encountered little or no disturbance and so the quality of water supplied was in most cases fully ac ceptable without any need for either filtration or disinfection. However, as the standards relating to public hygiene evolved, many of these supplies were improved with the provision of chlorination systems. The regulation in relation to water quality ensures that all supplies are now provided with full treatment, including coagulation and filtration. FWR points out that in England and Wales two-thirds of drinking water comes from surface water, including reservoirs, lakes and rivers, and the rest from ground waters. There are also areas that receive water from mixed sources. Water is treated and tested along the way to ensure the highest quality. As it is with lakes reservoirs support rich and diverse flora and fauna and some rely on these habitats for their entire lifecycle. The classification is based on their nutrient status. Eutrophic standing waters are usually highly productive as they consist of lot plant nutrients. Legislation relating to Dam Safety Reservoir safety is crit ical to the British Dam Society which they indicate as the driving force behind many of the meetings, events and research work that they undertake (British Dam Society 2011). The Reservoir Act 1975 provides the legal framework to ensure the safety of dams with capacity of 25,000 cubic metres of water above natural ground level. Safety legislation in the UK was first introduced in 1930 after several reservoir disasters which resulted in loss of life. This was later superseded by the Reservoir Act 1975 (Environment Agency 2011). The Act indicates that reservoir owners have ultimate responsibility for the safety of reservoirs. They are also required to appoint a Panel Engineer – a specialist civil engineer who has qualifications and experience in reservoir safety to continuously supervise reservoirs and carry out periodic inspections. Supervision and inspection will be provided by qualified persons performing in the capacity of supervising and inspecting engineers respectively. Those reservoirs that are below the 25,000 cubic metres capacity are managed by the Health and Safety Executive and the Local Authorities under the Health and safety at Work, etc Act 1974 and the Building Act 1984 respectively. The Flood and Management Bill was given Royal Assent in April 2010, thus making it possible to bring aging reservoir safety legislation up to date by providing clarity on roles and responsibilities of those persons who manage flood and coastal risks in England and Wales (Environment Agen

Buddhist teachings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhist teachings - Essay Example ing; 2) the desire as the reason for suffering; 3) nirvana as the cessation of suffering; and 4) the Eightfold Path which leads to the cessation of suffering. The Noble Eightfold Path was indicated by Buddha. It consists of eight rules and leads to the cessation of suffering and liberation from samsara. According to the median path it lies between the adherence to world pleasures and asceticism. 2. Theravada is the earliest school of Buddhism, which was formed by Buddha followers immediately after his death. They were trying to attain personal enlightenment by literal adherence to Gautama’s lifestyle and meditation practice. The knowledge of Theravada is recorded in canonical text Tipitaka and explained in large commentary literature. In the middle of the 5th century Theravadins divided into three groups, and in 100 years the most orthodox one established themselves in Sri Lanka. Mahayana emerged as an opposition to Theravada during first centuries B.C. and flourished in the beginning of the first millennium. The ideal of Mahayana is Bodhisattva – a person who is striving to enlightenment, but refuses nirvana for the liberation of all other beings from suffering. Mahayana argued that nirvana is available for everyone, both a layman and a monk, and everyone on his path to enlightenment may rely on bodhisattvas’ help. Vajrayana is Tantric Buddhist School which was originated in 3rd – 7th century in India and later was spread to Tibet. It embodies the idea of relative and absolute unity to the individual lives, claiming that each person has indestructible nature of the Buddha. The aim of Vajrayana is to bring mind into non-dual state, when each event expresses its unlimited potential. Its methods are designed for those who can see the reflection of own mind in his teacher, thus to adopt teacher’s non-personal qualities through the dedication and self-identification (Keown,

How the news affects stock prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How the news affects stock prices - Essay Example Research suggests that there is a positive correlation between the political news and the stock prices. Asset prices and returns are determined by the changes in the economic as well as political variables and since the stock returns are expected values therefore the arrival of any news changes these expectations. (Elmendorf, Hirschfield and Weil). The event of 9/11 virtually forced the stock markets of the world to close for couple of days to accommodate the stock prices to adjust to this event and most of the companies especially in airline sector witness complete erosion of their market capitalization within the matter of days after the incident. The Efficient Market Hypothesis suggest that all the news are being discounted into the stock prices as market expect them however with the news like the death of US President through a terrorist attack, this sudden and strong news will cause the major shake up in the stock market and the stock prices of Coke and Microsoft will certainly drop in order to account for the increase uncertainty and risk involved due to the death of US President. EMH suggest that only the unexpected part of the news has the power to shake the market therefore with the news of the murder of the US President market will respond to it in negative way. Previous research conducted on the correlation between the stock prices and the news suggested that there is hardly a correlation between the both however after allowing for different stages of the business cycles, the news has a very positive correlation to the stock prices. (McQueen and Roley). This is particularly true in the news event of the murder of Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan who was assassinated in the last week of Dec 2007. Though her death caused million of dollars loss to the government of Pakistan as there were widespread riots all over the country but stock prices did not reflected that political event in that much amount as the

Stroke Research: An Introduction

Stroke Research: An Introduction Introduction Research studies the quality of data that produces an outcome to provide knowledge in which can explicate results of intangible and tangible benefits. Developing medical improvements, evaluation is done to suggests a beneficial effect for medical facilities or existing facilities and for use by people to reduce uncertainties, improve effectiveness, and make decisions (Patton, 2008, p. 39). Evaluation is an implementation of valuable data which can gather information and further analyzation from outcome. It employs accurate, visible analyzation to further develop future findings. Several methodologies were employed including Economic Evaluation, Enterprise Systems, Study Selections, meta-evaluations and content analysis of national documents. Furthermore, creating guidelines for greater impact on the body of knowledge for the program specially in health sector. Evaluations helps to attain more accurate and feasible information to improve the effectiveness. Influencing the result of the perspective study for human resource, internal processes, on external opportunities and on management (Diana, 2015). This paper will analyze four evaluative research containing a wide range of data that are used to calculate the impact, outcome, process, economical and output to the society and how it can improve later research or currents studies that are done towards Cerebrovascular accident. Background of the Study Cerebrovascular accident as defined by Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (2013) is a form of transient ischemic attack that causes potential death, loss of movement or even more complication in the future if not have been treated correctly to the patients. There are several aspects that can cause cerebrovascular accident such as hypertension, diabetes and blockage of blood flow. In a study of the current status of acute stroke in Korea (2008) report that studies in a web-based database of consecutive stroke cases from 12 participating centers. A total of 14,792 ischemic stroke cases were enrolled from the span of 4 years (Rohan, 2014). The study shows that the rate of risk factor that more than 80% are caused by hypertension and diabetes. Revascularization were performed on 1,736 subjects and 34% were endovascular (MOH, 2016). This paper will analyze 5 stroke research as using data across the globe to evaluate the health evaluation towards stroke focusing on their significance, method and quality. Main purpose is to create a data base than can help future findings and to provide a stronger knowledge towards Cerebrovascular accident. Evaluation Studies Economic Evaluation in Stroke Research: An Introduction This review is to assess the relevance of the economic evaluations towards the cost of stroke in different countries. The researcher considered several studies to calculate the future, current data and sensitivity analysis to find intangible and tangible results. Due to governments wanting to reduce expenditure while health care sector are going through interventions due to the increased demand through demographic changes (Sylvia, 2001). The method that was used in this study is mixed method, cross-sectional audit was used to identify the costs-to-costs expenditure and retrospective audit to check the constant changes in the aging population (Sylvia, 2001). The significance of this study concluded that the need of transparent reporting and to carefully clarify these results when decision making. Moreover, this study can also contribute to find the data that can both exploit the cost and successful data that can be used to help make more tangible decisions towards the expenditure for stroke (Sylvia, 2001). Evaluation of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Research Scholarship Program: research productivity and impact. This review is to assess the relevance comparison of both funded and unfunded group in Canada. The researcher considered the unsuccessful and successful funding in the years of 1980/81 to 1989/90 and the productivity and its impact on the individuals. Due to consistency in multiple indicators provides strong evidence that within the 10 years of studies, individuals that are funded has more greater productivity and impact in the body of knowledge in the area of heart and stroke (Armstrong, 1997). The method used in this study is quantitative method, to qualify the understanding of which group is more productive and has a greater knowledge in the area of heart and stroke (Armstrong, 1997). The significance of this study is to determine the unequivocally relation between funding and research success it indicated suggests a beneficial effect. Lastly, this relevance of this study is to have greater knowledge if given with funds to do more research (Armstrong, 1997). Current status of acute stroke management in Korea: a report on a multicenter, comprehensive acute stroke registry. This review is to assess the relevance of diagnostics and variation treatments studies in Korea. The researcher considered the data on the exploit of diagnostics and the variation of treatments at the national level in Korea for acute stroke care. Due to clinical research centers studies aim to describe the stroke statistics and quality of care in Korea and to apply its quality indicators (ByungJin, 2008). The methods used in this study is quantitative method, to qualify the understandings of quality of care and to cover the pretreatment demographics. Due to the high numbers of ischemic stroke cases, the researcher explores the causes of acute stroke in this study (ByungJin, 2008). The significance of this study is to determine the quality of stroke care across South Korea and compare it with that of other countries. Moreover, this study can also be used to understand the main causes of heart stroke and the procedures that are taken (ByungJin, 2008). Adopting CVA To Evaluate Es Benefits Impact On Organisational Effectiveness In Australia This review is to assess the relevance of Enterprise System and the benefits impact it provides in Australia. The researcher of this study needs to consider whether the research of this study has an impact in both internally and externally organizations. Due to the evaluation was based on human resource, internal processes, external opportunities and on management to ensure that competing value approach can have an impact on Enterprise System. This role include knowing the major contribution of competing value approach (Leon, 2012). The methods used in this study is quantitative method, to quantify the benefits of competing value approach towards Enterprise System the researcher explores internally and externally addressing intangible and tangible benefits (Leon, 2012). The relevance of this study is to equally evaluate the benefits of tangible and intangible from both internal and external organization. But this study can also contribute to understand impact on competing value approach towards organization via case studies (Leon, 2012). An evaluation of stroke rehabilitation within Greater Manchester This review is to assess the relevance of the quality of stroke rehabilitation services towards patients and to evaluate the stakeholders opinions in greater Manchester. The researcher of this study considered several methodologies including literature review, case note audit and questionnaires for patients, staff and commissioners. Due to the evaluation studies was to aim to understand the rehabilitation of patients and the difference in priorities and accountability from localities (Alison, 2013). The methods used in this study is qualitative method, to determine the feelings of patients that are being treated with stroke and the rehabilitation process (Alison, 2013). This research is responsible in giving information of how patients feel towards stoke rehabilitation and improvements can be done. Moreover, this study can also contribute to create and understand a better life style for patients who is suffering from a stroke but to also improve its process in the future studies (Alison, 2013). Evaluative reasoning in public-sector evaluation in Aotearoa New Zealand: How are we doing? This review is to assess the relevance of meta-evaluation towards the public-sector in Aotearoa New Zealand. The researcher of this study needs to consider the snapshot of evaluation practice and to insight further investigation. Due to the lack of argument and evidence further research is needed to qualify if the results of the study is confirmed. These factor includes context, funding, time constraints and commissioner requirements (Heather, Robin, and Karen, 2015). The method used in this study is qualitative method, to understand if meta-evaluation or evaluative reasoning practices can be an accredited profession in Aotearoa New Zealand. Due to the importance of evaluative reasoning the researcher explores the relevance reports lack an argument and text that are ambiguous (Heather, Robin, and Karen, 2015). The significance of this study allows researchers find where we are at towards evaluative reasoning and it can also contribute to a more warranted conclusion (Heather, Robin, a nd Karen, 2015). Audit and Evaluation Processes Economic Evaluation in Stroke Research: An Introduction The researcher make use of economical evaluation to determine the expenses of stroke in different countries. Tracking of the record of the costs and consequences to analytically evaluate an outcome. The care cost for cerebrovascular diseases had an increased and governments are looking at wanting to cut cost, but the health care sector are demanding an increase due to demographic changes (Sylvia, 2001). As the main purpose of economical evaluation is to increase an impact on clinical practice, terms of pricing, coverage and imbursement. The study showed an outcome that can maximize the effectiveness for the individual patient and to reduce cost. Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to help make transparent reporting for both cost and effectiveness of decision making (Sylvia, 2001). Adopting CVA To Evaluate Es Benefits Impact On Organizational Effectiveness In Australia The researcher make use of impact and outcome evaluation to determine the effectiveness of competing value approach (CVA) on enterprise system and to establish an outcome on human resource, internal processes, on external opportunities and management (Leon, 2012). The study is about the impact of Competing Value Approach(CVA) in the last ten years towards the Enterprise System on the whole organizations (Leon, 2012). The main purpose of the impact evaluation is to equally evaluate Enterprise System (ES) impact and Competing Value Approach (Leon, 2012). The outcome of this study is to create tangible and intangible benefits on both internal and external organization (Leon, 2012). Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to help address the impact of Enterprise system on the whole organization and to also provide a more understanding of Competing Value Approach on Enterprise Systems (Leon, 2012). Evaluation of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Research Scholarship Program: research productivity and impact. The researcher make use of impact and outcome evaluation to determine whether funded or unfunded individuals can be more productive and have greater body knowledge in heart and stroke area. The study consist of the funding years 1980/81 to 1989/90 inclusive, number of peer reviewed publications and data were collected on 192 individuals to determine a result (Armstrong, 1997). The main purpose of this study is evaluate both funded and unfunded individuals to see which individuals has more impact on the knowledge and productivity (Armstrong, 1997). The outcome of this study shows that funded individuals has more impact on the knowledge and are more productive than individuals that are not funded. Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to determine the unequivocally relation between funding and research success, it indicate a suggestive beneficial effect (Armstrong, 1997). Current status of acute stroke management in Korea: a report on a multicenter, comprehensive acute stroke registry. The researcher make use of input and outcome evaluation to determine the care of stroke patients in Korea at national level. The study had Clinical Research Center for Stroke in April 2008 and to look into covers pretreatment demographics, medical and stroke severity measures, diagnostic evaluation, hyper-acute revascularization, in-hospital management, discharge disposition, quality indicators and long-term functional outcomes (ByungJin, 2008). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the stroke statistic, quality of care in Korea and to apply its quality indicators. The study showed that it can be used to understand the main causes of heart stroke and the procedure that are taken and how it can improve the quality of stroke care across South Korea (ByungJin, 2008). Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to compare the quality of stroke care towards other countries and how it can improve its quality. Moreover, is to also help future studies to have a better understanding of what improvement and procedure can be taken (ByungJin, 2008). An evaluation of stroke rehabilitation within Greater Manchester The researcher make use of impact and outcome evaluation to determine the rehabilitation services and evaluate the stakeholders opinion. The study analysis 214 separate recommendations from 15 documents. Of these are 21 were relevant to every patient receiving stroke rehabilitation, 13 to overall service provision and 8 related to specific aspects of patient care. These were converted to standards and used to audit the 10 stroke rehabilitation services in Greater Manchester. Patients, staffs and commissioners completed questionnaires to determine the national recommendations of services (Alison, 2013). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the feeling of stroke rehabilitation for patients and what improvement can be taken (Alison, 2013). Study shows information that will describe the feelings of patients towards rehabilitation, improvements can be done in future studies and reason why I think the researcher use this evaluation is to create future studies and to improve more towards rehabilitation experience, giving satisfaction to patients (Alison, 2013). Evaluation Model PRECEDE-PROCEED Evaluation Model The Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation and Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development (Precede-Proceed) evaluation model is designed for cost-benefit evaluation framework. To help health program planner, policy makers and other evaluators to analyze and design health programs systematic. It gives a comprehensive structure to asses health and quality of life and to design, apply and evaluate health promotions and public health programs. The systematic use of the evaluative model uses a series of clinical and field trials to confirm the advantage and predictive of the model. The main purpose of this evaluation model is to directly put attention to outcomes rather than inputs. It allows planners to start with the desired outcome then work backwards to identify strategies to achieve those objectives (Andrea, Gielen, Tiffany, and Gary, 2017). Source: Surveillance, Planning and Evaluating for Policy and Action : Precede-Proceed Model (2006) The essential components of the evaluation model- is to apply theories of health problems and to design programs to address public health problems underlying important risk and protective factors. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model has been a utility program for practice settings and researchers conducting health changes (Lawrence, and Judith, 2006). The context evaluation main purpose is to evaluate the growing recognition of the health education to enclose policy, regulatory and related ecological/environmental factors, determining health and health behaviors, to improve and to increase scholarly productivity among health education faculty. Furthermore, the evaluative model is not to predict or explain the relationship among factors thought to be associated with an outcome of interest. Rather, the main purpose of it is to provide a structure for applying theories and concepts systematically for planning and evaluating health behavior change programs (Lawrence, and Judith, 2006). This evaluation model may contribute for CVA all around the world, especially for Ministry of Health of New Zealand. It can improve its study target starting from a diverse array of assessment such as social, behavioral, educational and existing policies. Furthermore, auditing the CVA cases can be implemented through predisposing, reinforcing and enabling the studies. Eventually, cases will be evaluated to enhance the quality of life (Lawrence, and Judith, 2006). Conclusion Evaluation research is needed in all aspects of healthcare implementing programs or project to improve an overall effectiveness. It is very important to use the right tools, followed by numbers of reviews and research towards the improvement or success of the organization. This involves education, managers and staffs feedback can develop a thorough guidelines to help improve their systems and policies. Overall, the evaluation research can improve the common good and development of the organization and community can benefit from the outcome and achieving objectives in most efficient ways. References   Ã‚   Alison, M. (2015) An evaluation of stroke rehabilitation within Greater Manchester. Retrieved from :http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30967/1/An_evaluation_of_stroke_rehabilitation_within_Greater_Manchester_submitted.pdf Armstrong, P. (1997) Evaluation of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Research Scholarship Program: research productivity and impact. Retrieved from : http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9179090 Andrea C., Gielen E. M., Tiffany L., Gary L. R., (2017), Ecological Models of Health Behavior. Retrieved from : https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org /community-health/health-promotion/2/program-models/community-organization ByungJin, K. (2008) Current status of acute stroke management in Korea: a report on a multicenter, comprehensive acute stroke registry. Retrieved from : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24256115 Diana H (2015). Research Evaluation Scope Statement. Retrieved from : http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/rev/about.html Heather N., Robin P., and Karen W., (2015) Evaluative reasoning in public- sector evaluation in Aotearoa New Zealand: How are we doing? Retrieved from : http://www.nzcer.org.nz/system/files/EM2015_1_137.pdf Leon, T. (2012) Adopting CVA To Evaluate Es Benefits Impact On Organisational Effectiveness In Australia. Retrieved from : http://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2012/77/ Lawrence W. G., Judith M. P., (2006). A Framework for planning and evaluation: Precede-proceed evolution and application of the Model. Retrieved from : http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0803/id2188.pdf

Morality In America :: essays research papers

The reading by Johnson starts out with a married lady by the name of Katherine Watkins complaining of rape by a black slave. Throughout the remainder of this section, depositions are given by other black slaves and people who claim to have witnessed the occurrence. Most of the accounts indicate that Mrs. Watkins seduced the slave into a sexual act and then blamed it on him in order to stay out of the trouble that her Quaker husband’s beliefs would have brought on her. The other section in this book is the sermon by John Winthrop entitled, A Model of Christianity. Two rules by which all men should abide, he says, are to show mercy and do justice. Among many other good deeds, he preaches love among Christians, performing service for the Lord, having unity and conformity in the community, and strict obedience to God’s word lest some punishment befall you. The handout given in class deals with the issue of homosexuality and the punishments for sodomy and buggery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reading by Marcus was solely concentrated on the Salem Witch Trials. A former minister, George Burroughs, is accused of witchcraft and much of the section deals with people who claimed to have been bewitched by him. There are a couple of letters by Cotton Mather explaining the difficulty of the witchcraft trials and his defense of the conviction of George Burroughs. The rest of this reading is letters of confession by the accused and more letters relating to the trials.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The role of Colonial women in society is given an in depth look in the segment by Graebner. In these days, the husband was seen as the supreme head of the family and women were basically domestic. Women were basically known only as the wife of their husbands and often helped them with their business affairs. Eventually, a minimal level of trade arose among women in the village, but nothing big enough to trigger a large outbreak of feminism at that time. A women’s role in society can basically be summed up in this quote, â€Å"The economic roles of married women were based upon two potentially conflicting values – gender specialization and identity of interest. A wife was expected to become expert in the management of a household and the care of children, but she was also asked to assist in the economic affairs of her husband, becoming his representative and even his surrogate if circumstances demanded it.

Brown v. Board of Education

In the broad scope of the hundreds of thousands of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court in decades past, few measure up to the historical significance of Brown v. Board of Education. The decision of the judges in this particular dispute challenged the mainstream views of the people of our country, changing the times, and shaping the future of America. Not only did the Court’s ruling protect the rights of millions of African American students in our country, moreover Brown v.Board of Education launched the civil rights movement that produced the America we know today. Had the judges ruled other than the way they did, one can only imagine how the history of our country would have played out, or how different our nation would be as a result. In the years leading up to the 1950’s, as a whole, the people of our country were severely discriminative towards the African American race. People of different colors were forced to shop in separate stores, eat in separate restaurants, live on opposite sides of town, and even drink from different water fountains.The same held true for the public school system, which unfairly segregated students according to their color based on the laws that Brown v Board of Education changed. Tragically, the schools reserved for white children were in far better condition than the schools for those of the minority, usually lacking decent books and properly trained teachers, and often teaching an inadequate curriculum (The Brown Foundation).It is no surprise then that the affliction of these minority students did not settle well with the race as a whole, and in 1951, after long suffering, four complaints were filed in four separate states against their respective school boards (Brown v. Board 486). As summarized by The Brown Foundation, the first action arose out of Delaware, where the segregated schools were considerably unequal. There, black students were bused from their homes to schools hours away, rather than at tending the schools for white children where they lived.After being denied access to the white schools near their homes, suit was filed. The second case came from Topeka, Kansas, where the number of white schools greatly outnumbered the amount of black schools. As a result, parents in Topeka tried to enroll their black children in white schools, only to be denied. The third case was filed in South Carolina, where the schools were also substantially unequal. When the parents of black children filed suit against their school board, the Court ordered that the schools be equalized. The schools however, refused to comply. The final case arose out of Virginia.There the schools were far too small to accommodate the number of students that attended them, and once again were grossly inadequate, lacking even indoor plumbing. After suit was filed locally, the school board was ordered to make the segregated schools equal, however black children still were not admitted in to white schools (The B rown Foundation). The facts regarding each case were different, but the issue at hand was the same, young African American children had been denied access to the schools reserved for their white counterparts per the laws that were written to protect them from such injustices.The very government that was intended to protect their rights and freedoms denied the relief of the children, holding to the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson. That doctrine stated that the separation of black and white students was within the law, so long as the segregated schools were equal. After defeat in federal district courts, on appeal, the four cases were consolidated into what is known as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, to be heard in The Supreme Court in 1952 (Brown v. Board 487,488).The Supreme Court Justices looked in depth at the fourteenth amendment, more specifically the right of the equal protection of the laws that the fourteenth amendment guaranteed to all Americans, of which the minority children claimed that they were deprived of. The justices pondered the question, â€Å"Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? † (Brown v.Board 493). The Justices addressed the equality of the education in public schools overall, throwing out the idea that if books, desks, and classrooms were similar, then children received an equal education. Considering the fact that separated black children are educated in a way that makes them feel inferior to white children, the Court held that the feelings of inferiority, which were enforced by the laws of our country, effected the driving force behind the students that urged them to learn and therefore to receive an equal education.On May 17, 1954, the Court ruled that the â€Å"separate but equalâ €  doctrine was irrelevant when it came to education, thus holding that the segregation of students based on race did in fact violate the rights set forth by the fourteenth amendment (Brown v. Board 495). Then a few weeks later, on May 31, the last day of the term, the judges elaborated on their decision, ordering that the desegregation of schools take place with â€Å"all deliberate speed† (The National Archives). As news of the Court’s decision spread across America, as expected, people of the white race were extremely unhappy.Rather than doing as the Justices had ordered, most states simply refused to comply with their judgment. The years following proved to be a battle for the African American race. Brown v. Board of Education seemed to affect the race as whole rather than only the students who longed to attend equal schools. In Virginia, the Governor shut down all public schools in an attempt to avoid their desegregation. Instead of simply allowing the black ch ildren access, the state issued vouchers to white families so they could send their children to private schools, leaving the black children without any education at all.In Arkansas, the National Guard had to accompany several black students, whom we now recognize as The Little Rock Nine, on their walk into a newly desegregated school as white students verbally and physically abused them. To prolong the desegregation, states attempted to enforce a â€Å"freedom of choice theory†. By which black students had the option of attending any school they wanted in the district. Nevertheless, when parents sent their minority children to white schools, they were tortured by angry whites, who threatened them and even burnt crosses in their yards.The National Education Association estimates that in the decade following the landmark Supreme Court decision, nearly 38,000 black educators lost their jobs (The National Education Association). With the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, it seemed the minority had won the battle; unfortunately the war was far from over. What ensued following Brown v. Board of Education was one of the most imperative eras in the history of our country, what we now call the civil rights movement. The judges who ruled in the case could not have predicted the relevancy of their verdict, nor the outcome that would eventually come to pass.Brown v. Board of Education has proven to be a case that greatly impacted the lives of millions of African Americans and the freedoms that all people, despite their race, now experience every day. Works Cited The Brown Foundation, â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education: About the Case. † The Brown Foundation. 11 Apr 2004. The Brown Foundation. 29 Apr 2008 . The National Archives, â€Å"Timeline of Events Leading to the Brown v. Board of Education Decision, 1954. † The National Archives. 2008. The Federal Government. 30 Apr 2008 . The National Education Association, â€Å"50th Anniversary, Brown v. Board of Education. † Public Schools for Every Child. 2008. The National Education Association. 30 Apr 2008 . Patterson, James. Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and its Troubled Legacy. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. The United States Supreme Court, â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. â€Å" United States Reports 483 (1954) 486-496. 29 Apr 2008 .

Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry Book Review and Summary

Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry Book Review and Summary Mildred Taylor’s Newbery award-winning book Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry chronicles the inspiring story of the Logan family in Depression-era Mississippi. Based on her own family’s history with slavery, Taylor’s story about one black family’s struggle to keep their land, their independence, and their pride amid racial discrimination create a compelling and emotionally rich experience for middle-grade readers. Summary of the Story Set amid the Great Depression and the racially charged South, the story of the Logan family is told through the eyes of 9-year-old Cassie. Proud of her heritage, Cassie is familiar with the oft-told tale of how her Grandpa Logan worked to acquire his own land. An anomaly among the tenant farming black families they know, the Logan family must work doubly hard to make their tax and mortgage payments. When Mr. Granger, a wealthy white businessman and a powerful voice in the community, makes it known he wants the Logans land, he sets into motion a series of events forcing the Logans to rally other Black families in the area to boycott the local mercantile shop. In an attempt to assuage their neighbors’ fear of retaliation, the Logans use their own credit and agree to purchase the goods needed. Problems for the Logans begin when Mama loses her teaching job and the bank suddenly calls due the remaining mortgage payment. Matters get worse when Papa and Mr. Morrison, the farm hand, are involved in a skirmish that results in a broken leg for Papa rendering him unable to work. In a climactic moment born of racial tension and fear for their lives, the Logan family learns that TJ, their young neighbor, is involved in a robbery with two local white boys. In a race to protect TJ and stop a tragedy, the Logans will have to be willing to sacrifice the possessions their family has worked generations to acquire. About the Author, Mildred D. Taylor Mildred D. Taylor loved listening to her grandfather’s stories of growing up in Mississippi. Proud of her family heritage Taylor began to write stories that reflected the troubled times of growing up black in the south during the Great Depression. Wanting to tell the black history she felt was missing in school textbooks, Taylor created the Logan family a hardworking, independent, loving family who owned land. Taylor, born in Jackson, Mississippi but raised in Toledo, Ohio grew up revering her grandfather’s stories of the South. Taylor graduated from the University of Toledo and then spent time in the Peace Corps teaching English and history in Ethiopia. Later she attended the School of Journalism at the University of Colorado. Believing that American history books didn’t portray the accomplishments of black people, Taylor strove to incorporate the values and principles her own family raised her with. Taylor said that when she was a student, what was in the textbooks and what she knew from her own upbringing represented a terrible contradiction. She sought in her books about the Logan family to counteract that. Awards and Accolades 1977 John Newbery MedalAmerican Book Award Honor BookALA Notable BookNCSS-CBC Notable Childrens Trade Book in the Field of Social StudiesBoston Globe-Horn Book Award Honor Book The Logan Family Series Mildred D. Taylor’s writings about the Logan family are presented  in the order that the Logan family stories unfold. Note that despite the story order listed below, the books were not written in sequence. The Land, Book One (2001)The Well, Book Two (1995)Mississippi Bridge, Book Three (1990)Song of the Trees, Book Four, illustrated by Jerry Pinkney (1975)The Friendship, Book Five (1987)Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, Book Six (1976)Let the Circle Be Unbroken, Book Seven (1981)The Road to Memphis, Book Eight (1990) Review and Recommendation The best historical stories are born from unique family histories, and Mildred D. Taylor has plenty. Taking the stories passed down to her from her grandfather, Taylor has given young readers an authentic story of a southern Black family not typically represented in historical fiction. The Logans are a hardworking, intelligent, loving, and independent family. As Taylor expresses in an author interview, it was important to her that Black children understand that they have people in their history who cherished these values. These values are passed down to Cassie and her brothers who see their parents exercise restraint and wise judgment in very difficult situations. The struggle, survival, and determination to do what’s right in the face of injustice make this story inspiring. In addition, Cassie as narrator brings an element of righteous indignation to her character that will make readers applaud her and yet worry for her at the same time. While Cassie is angry and resents the subservient apologies she is forced to admit to a white girl, she’s spunky enough to find more subtle means of getting her revenge. Cassie’s comic moments upset her older brother who knows that such childish antics could lead to physical harm to their family. The Logan children quickly learn that life isn’t all about school and games as they realize they are targets of racial hatred. Although this is Taylor’s second book about the Logan family, she has gone back over the years to write more books, creating an eight volume series. If readers enjoy reading richly detailed, emotionally moving stories about the human spirit, then they’ll enjoy this award-winning, unique story about the Logan family. Because of the historical value of this story and the opportunity it provides for middle-grade readers to learn more about the consequences of racial discrimination, this book is recommended for ages 10 and up. (Penguin, 2001. ISBN: 9780803726475) More African-American History Books for Children If you are looking for excellent childrens books, both fiction and nonfiction, about African American history, some excellent titles include: by Kadir Nelson, I Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, Ruth and the Green Book by Calvin Alexander Ramsey and One Crazy Summer by Rita Garcia-Williams. Source: Penguin Author Page, Award Annals, Logan Family Series

Bell Jar essays

Bell Jar essays People's lives are shaped through their success and failure in their personal relationships with each other. The author Sylvia Plath demonstrates this in the novel, The Bell Jar . This is the direct result of the loss of support from a loved one, the lack of support and encouragement, and lack of sel... Sylvia Plath The Bell Jar Although there are elements of fiction included, and even true events are somewhat altered and rearranged, The Bell Jar is essentially an autobiography of Sylvia Plath, who is recognized for her impeccable and ruthless poetry, which excels at describing the most ... The Bell Jar Esther and Patriarchy The Bell Jar, which is written by Sylvia Plath, indicates that patriarchal society has many effects on women. Men have power over women in both direct and indirect ways. In this paper, I would like to concern about Esther and patriarchy. Men use their power... Esther Greenwood, a brilliant young writer and dedicated student, had won a trip to New York City and a job at a top fashion magazine; it looked as though all of her dreams were coming true. But slowly Esther realized the reality of corruption and in effect she began to question her dreams and even... The Bell Jar Cancer versus Depression Integrated into the story of The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath is a "case history" of a depression patient, from it's subtle beginnings to it's terrifying consequences to it's shaky resolution. On the subject of this depression, there is an article written by William Styron which, in the course of des... In The Bell Jar , originally published under the pseudonym of Victoria Lucas, Sylvia Plath was recording much of her personal experience. Plath was born on October 27, 1932. Her brother, Warren Joseph Plath, was born in 1935. When Plath was five years old, her family moved to Winthrop, Ma... ...

Elephants, Economics and Ivory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Elephants, Economics and Ivory - Essay Example 1) In the external environment of the not for profit industry, identify and critically analyze the dimensions of complexity which impact upon the management of people and organizations using appropriate MPO concepts. What are the implications of these key factors for organizations in the sector? Â  In considering the complex interrelationships of factors impacting the not for profit industry it is important to first consider the inherent conflict of conserving natural resources within a trade orientated international environment. It is submitted that this, in turn, requires a PEST analysis to critically evaluate the key external actors and triggers in people management and not for profit organizations. It is further submitted that the PEST analysis helps best understand the key factors for organizations in the sector. Â  The PEST analysis acronym means the political, economic, social and technological issues that could affect the strategic and operational development of a business, which in turn has a concomitant impact on people management. Moreover, identifying central PEST influences is an extremely useful exercise in summarising the external environment within which a business operates to provide recommendations as to how a business should respond to these influences (Worthington et al, 2005). Â  In general terms, the political dimension will consider the environmental regulation and legal mechanisms in place for enforcement of the not for profit industry’s goals in the relevant sector.

Reflaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflaction - Essay Example There are different issues and concepts that can be cited in relation to this which includes the different roles of women in the society most especially inside the home, in marriage and the family. Andre Lorde explored the issue related to the empowerment of women through the concept of the erotic. According to her, erotic is equated to power due to the fact that it can add passion to any type of activity a person is doing. It can be considered that women have the capability of being physically, intellectually and emotionally powerful. As a result, men are very much under the power of well-rounded women to the point that through history this capability of the female members of the population scared the society led by men. Lorde pointed out that erotic element in our daily existence is absent and reduced to a role related to sexual issues when the real sense of the word is related to passion in everything we are doing, e.g. work. Women are made to believe that exploration of the taboo that is erotic is against morality, but exploration of such concept can be related to empowering them (Lorde par.1). In the present modern society where women are more empowered and can practice almost the same rights as that of men such as the right to vote, to work and even to lead, traces of the lower status of women can very well be seen still. Women are expected to take the role of a mother who stays at home and takes care of her family. Even with the women succeeding in different fields, this expectation is still inevitable. For example, in the paper by Rhacel Salazar Parreà ±as, which explores the problematic issues of the mothers working abroad as domestic helpers and leaving families in the Philippines to face what according to the society are situations leading to degradation of culture and morality of the children, shows that even until now women are expected to stay at home with the

Q&A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Q&A - Essay Example It is an efficient and usually an extremely effective way to test for certain antibodies. The indirect ELISA approach is typically applied in medical testing because it looks for antibodies present in a given sample. Samples are taken from an individual and then these are tested for the presence of antibodies. This helps to determine if the individual’s body is already producing antibodies against certain antigens. After the sample is taken, antigens are introduced. If antibodies are present, they will form a bond that is invisible to the naked eye. An immunuoglobulin is added to the sample in order to verify if a bond was formed or not. The bond between the antibody, antigen and immunuoglobulin will remain on the plate after rinsing. The immunuoglobulin added must be of the same species. Finally, a colour indicator is added so that the bond between the antibody and antigen are identified properly. The accuracy of an ELISA test does rely on certain factors. If these factors ar e in any way compromised or overlooked, the ELISA test results may be unreliable. These factors may also contribute to a false positive or a false negative. The design of an ELISA test may sometimes affect its outcome, and an ELISA test is either direct or indirect. When using the single antibody approach, the laboratory must used a specific, enzyme-labelled reagent. The assay sensitivity affects both the direct and indirect ELISA tests because it measures the amount of accurate positives that are found. There are four types of sensitivities possible in an ELISA test: true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives. Whether or not a patient receives a false positive or a false negative is dependent upon how accurately the ELISA test was conducted, and whether a variable important to the outcome were compromised in some way. A false positive indicates that a person who does not in fact carry the antibodies against a specific type of antigen is tested as positive f or those antibodies. Similarly, a false negative indicates that a person who does in fact carry those antibodies against a specific type of antigen, tests negative for them. This may or may not occur with an HIV-1 test if the standard protocol for the ELISA test is correctly or incorrectly followed. Unquestionably, it is of the utmost importance to follow standard ELISA test protocol. ELISA test errors may occur when the reagents used are mishandled or if their integrity is comprised in some way. The reagents for specific antigen tests are usually specific- they may not be interchangeable between different species. Additionally, certain antibodies require certain reagents in order to be effectively read; substitutions cannot be made. Temperature, preparation, preservation, and shelf-life of the reagent affects how its performance. Commercial availability limits the use of some reagents, and therefore the potential for testing for specific antigens. The handling of samples and the re agents used are extremely important to the outcome of the test. Checking expiration dates and properly storing reagents according to their individual requirements is imperative. Reagents must also be checked for signs of disintegration prior to their usage in an assay; examples include precipitation and discoloration. The substrates should always be colourless. The plates where the experiment is conducted must be properly handled. The plates must be large enough to

Red Bull Marketing Strategy Essay Example for Free

Red Bull Marketing Strategy Essay Business Unit 3 Marketing Of ‘Red bull’ Introduction As part of my marketing assignment, I will be looking at the marketing of a consumer product or service. Therefore, my chosen product is ‘Red bull’, which is an energy drink. I have assumed that my product is targeted at people that have similar situations to the ones used in advertisements for red bull. I will be looking to spot if the strategy used is based on the principles of marketing: O Understanding consumer wants: to become successful, it is vital for a business to understand the wants and needs of its target audience. For example the needs and wants of a target audience for a high street retail store depend upon the age, style and income of its customers. O Understanding and keeping ahead of competition: businesses must consider their competitive markets as well as the products and prices provided by their competition in order to gain customers and provide a better standard of services and goods than other companies. This can be done through devising strong, different marketing strategies and by selling a product that is unique and efficient. O Communicate effectively with its customers to satisfy customer expectations: communication with customers is vital for a business to understand the wants and needs of their customers. A good relationship must be continuously created between a business and its customers to maximise its success. O Co-ordinate its functions to achieve marketing aims: co-ordination of functions is key to efficiency and therefore success. To maximise the success of a business, all of its marketing aims should be met. O Be aware of constraints on marketing activities. I will be also looking at the external impact on the marketing decisions, how the appropriate strategy is decided upon and how they are developed in order to meet consumer needs and the reliability of the different marketing models. â€Å"Red bull comes in two types, original and sugar free. This can be purchased at ? 1. 15 for 150ml† Features of Business Marketing†¦ O Consumers are of vital importance. Red bull has a far greater chance of being a success if it satisfies consumers’ needs. Marketing must be aimed at finding out what these needs are and making sure that Red bull meets it requirements. O Marketing is a business philosophy; it is not just a series of activities such as advertising or selling, but more a way of thinking about how to satisfy the consumers’ needs. O Marketing affects all aspects of a business. A production department would not continue making a product that does not satisfy the needs of the consumer at whom it is aimed. O Marketing is not just about selling. Selling is only one part of the marketing process. Before selling Red bull, they must carry out market research. O Marketing and advertising are not the same; advertising is just one of a number of tactics used by marketing departments. O Many businesses regard profit making as their main objective. Firms in competitive markets must make a profit in the long run to survive. Marketing must therefore satisfy their customers wants profitably. O Marketing involves building relationships with the customers of Red bull; profitable businesses are often built upon good customer relations. This may be dealing with their complaints in a careful and considerate manner. O Marketing is a process that is on going all the time, it does not have a start or an end as you can see below. Red bull must be prepared to respond to the changes that take place. The marketing process†¦ Red Bull Gathering Market Information†¦ AO1 My reason for choosing Red Bull is because the drink has become incredibly successful at a very competitive advice. By choosing Red Bull I will find out what marketing strategies has made Red Bull so successful. What is Red Bull? Red Bull started off as an energy drink that stimulates mind and body. After becoming an international icon, Red Bull went on to sponsor extreme sports such as F1, sailing, surfing, bmx-ing, and many other extreme sports. Red Bull is a non-alcoholic drink with key ingredients, which have a proven revitalising effect on mind and body. Red Bull is a functional energy drink and therefore unjustly classified among the soft drinks. The Red Bull effect results from a combination of two natural substances and vital metabolic transmitters the amino acids taurine and glucuronolactone with stimulating caffeine, vitamins and carbohydrates. The effectiveness of Red Bull has been proven by a large number of scientific studies. Its function is not to quench thirst, but to improve endurance and alertness, to increase feelings of well being, to support the metabolism in short: to stimulate body and mind. The History In 1982, Dietrich Mateschitz came up with the idea of marketing energy Drinks, which were then already quite widespread in Southeast Asia while sitting in the bar at the Mandarin Hotel in Hong Kong. In 1984, Mateschitz founded the company known as Red Bull. In 1987, he started selling the energy drink Red Bull on the Austrian market. Red Bull got off the ground in no time, giving people ‘wiiings’ right from the start. In 1992, Red Bull touched down in its first foreign market, Hungary and in 1995 it was launched in the UK, which is now one of its largest markets.