To what extent Abigails Party a naturalistic play Essays

To what extent Abigails Party a naturalistic play Essays To what extent Abigails Party a naturalistic play Essay To what extent Abigails Party a naturalistic play Essay Abigails Party written by Mike Leigh was first performed in 1977. The play appears to have no obvious plot and is set in Lawrence and Beverlys house. The play opens as Beverly prepares for a drinks party for their neighbours. A married couple, Angela and Tony, are invited, as is Susan. Susans daughter Abigail is holding her first teenage party where Susan would not be welcome. As the play progresses tensions increase, particularly between Beverly and Lawrence until at the climax of the play Lawrence has a fatal heart attack. Naturalism is drama devised and presented on the basis that the action is to be believed as if it was something that was really happening. Kanstantin Stanislavski was the first to publish theories on naturalism in 1870s. He developed the fourth wall theory where the actors have no interactions with the audience but simply act to each other. This was a sharp contrast to the popular melodrama at that time where the audience were willing participants. Lee Strasberg developed Stanislavskis theories in 1940s at The Actors Studio in New York. He pioneered method acting a system of training and rehearsal for actors which bases a performance upon inner emotional experience (www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk). Lee Strasberg stated that work for the actor lies in two areas: the ability to constantly create reality and the ability to express that reality. When scripting Mike Leigh uses a period of improvisation therefore Abigails Party is expected to be naturalistic. By breaking down different elements of the play it is easier to see exactly why the play can be called naturalistic. Although the characters are naturalistic sometimes they may be hard to believe. The characters may appear exaggerated in that Angela is so nai ve and Beverly aspires to a higher class yet shallow. Nothing happens that is impossible. Some people may say that Beverly is unbelievable but everyone acts when they are playing the hostess. However, Beverlys character is even more worrying because not only does she act around others but she also acts to herself. At the beginning of the play although she is alone she acts as if she is a hostess. As Ray Carney says she is validating herself to her self. (Ray Carneys The Films of Mike Leigh: embracing the World). She has to do this to convince herself that she really is high class and a good hostess. At times Beverly appears to be just a collection of clichi s and a complete stereotype. However, a stereotype is simply someone that seems familiar or has been seen before many times but this does not make her any less believable. The characters are playing a social extension of themselves including aspects of their personality that the audience can relate to which is why they appear naturalistic. It can be assumed that each character in Abigails Party is in fact playing a role at the party. Each of them is behaving as they feel they are expected to at such an occasion and this is different to their normal character. A glimpse of their normal characters is seen at the end when Lawrence collapses and Angela takes control and slips into her role of a nurse. It is hinted that Tony can be short tempered but he appears to be very quiet and takes no active part. He appears to be uncomfortable and contributes only the absolute minimum. His temper and his ability to take action are seen when he shouts at Beverly to turn the music down. Tony and Lawrence appear to be able to see through the characters everyone else is playing but cannot do anything about it because they are not united. They view each other as rivals. Beverly is actively flirting with Tony whilst Lawrence tries to establish himself as Tonys superior. The audience can see how insignificant this small talk is and this provides the comic element. The setting of the play is another area that is naturalistic. The play takes place on the ground floor of a house in the suburbs of London on a spring evening in the 1970s. All of this information can be gathered from the set and conversation. Most of the characters are drinking gin and tonic, which had become a fashionable drink in the 70s. Cheap package holidays had become readily available and Majorca was a popular destination. Angela reveals that her house cost i 22,000 and this confirms that time period. Another clue that the play is set in the 1970s comes from the cars they talk about. Tony says he has an Escort, which was the popular everyday car of that time. Lawrence drives a Mini which a more stylish car in the 1970s. The final aspect, which distinguishes the play as being in the 70s, is the sexism. Whilst the characters are discussing cars Angela reveals that Tony will not let her drive. This is another detail that makes the makes the play naturalistic. The set and choice of music add to the atmosphere of 70s naturalism. Naturalism is also obvious in the staging. Abigails Party was written to be performed on a proscenium arch stage, as it is most naturalistic. A proscenium arch stage allows the decoration of three walls and furnished as if it were a real house. This uses the theory of naturalism as developed by Kanstantin Stanislavski and the audience assumes there is a fourth wall. This is an impenetrable wall between the stage and audience. This means the audience merely observes the play and the actors are acting to each other and never to the audience. This creates a naturalistic play. The only aspect of staging that could be considered to be slightly false is the way all the furniture is placed for easy visibility through the fourth wall. However, in most houses the furniture in the living room is centred round the television so that if we assume that the television would separate the stage and audience then it becomes more naturalistic again. Even so all the acting takes place in a 180i arc whereas life would normally take place in 360i. However, as this is a play the actors cannot talk with their backs to the audience without speaking especially loud, which would detract from the naturalism. The structure of the play is also naturalistic. In Aristotles book The Poetics he states that there are three unities that must be observed in order for a play to be believable. The first of these is that the play should take place in Real Time. This means that whatever time period is supposed to have taken place on the stage it must have actually elapsed. The second of these is that there should be only one location. The whole story should take place in the same place. This avoids any unbelievable moving of sets and therefore makes the play much more naturalistic. The third point is that that there should be only one story line. This not only means that there will be no scene changes but also the audience will not have to stretch their imagination to follow two or more story-lines. All of these points are supposed to make a play more believable and therefore more naturalistic. All of these points are observed in Abigails Party. The themes throughout Abigails Party are mundane and everyday. They relate to most peoples personal experiences, which is why they are naturalistic. One theme is marriage and it can be seen how the relationship between Beverly and Lawrence is full of tension. They annoy each other all evening as Beverlys attempt to be a competent, glamorous hostess is obviously irritating Lawrence. For example when Lawrence wants a sandwich or olives or to put on classical music Beverly always opposes him and actually calls him a boring little bugger. Beverly also says that Lawrence is very good with money. I mean if I want a new dress, make-up, have my hair done, whatever it is the money is there. But, apart from that its just boring This provides the audience with insight to their marriage and Beverlys boredom. Susans problems with marriage are also discussed in the play. Through Angelas lack of tact the audience becomes aware that the private character of Susan is divorced. The audience empathises with Susan and at the same time is embarrassed by Angela and this provides more comedy. Another theme that runs throughout the play is that of regret and dissatisfaction. Lawrence voices his regret of not learning to play a musical instrument and Beverly states how she is not satisfied with her marriage. Although Tony does not express his dissatisfaction himself, through his flirting with Beverly and Angela commenting he usually turns over, his dissatisfaction can be sensed. Angela also talks about the dissatisfaction she has in her relationship with Tony. She says he is quick-tempered and says he is not sympathetic when she is feeling ill. Susan is similar to Tony because she does not voice her dissatisfaction but unlike Tony she does not have a partner to provide the clues. Her dissatisfaction is shown by her reluctance to discuss her private life. The final area where naturalism is present is the rare qualities that Abigails Party possesses. There is no obvious plot in the play and this makes it more believable because everyday life does not have a dramatic or particularly entertaining plot. Even the climatic moment of Lawrences heart attack is followed by a mundane ending and this mirrors real life. . If it was not a naturalistic play the heart attack would be used to make a dramatic climax but it is more realistic as it is attempting to represent a view of real life. Overall it can be said that Abigails Party is naturalistic. There is no plot and the entertainment comes from the observations of daily life. People cannot watch themselves when they are entertaining but if they could then it would possibly have the same cringing result. Abigails Party captures the difference between peoples entertaining selves and normal selves perfectly. It focuses on how drama can occur in the most normal circumstances. The play may not be entirely and completely believable in places. Lawrences heart attack to Beethovens Fifth Symphony could be unbelievable but heart attacks are an everyday risk and can occur at any time. Angela had warned earlier in the play that people with heart problems are businessmen with highly stressful jobs. The fact he dies to Beethovens Fifth Symphony may seem corny but was his choice of music and he was extremely stressed. Also Tony may seem hard to believe because all he does is reply in monosyllables when spoken to but his wife is behaving foolishly and he really does not want to be there. This makes his antisocial attitudes less surprising. In general although some parts may initially seem unbelievable but considered within the scenario most of these aspects appear much more believable. Therefore Abigails Party is a naturalistic play in virtually every aspect.

The Comparison of Xerxes and Attossa's Relationship in Persians Essay

The Comparison of Xerxes and Attossa's Relationship in Persians against Achilles and Thethis in the Iliad focusing on their role - Essay Example The rage between Achilles, the bravest of all, and Agamemnon, the powerful king among the Achaean allies prompted the Achilles to persuade her mother, Thetis, to intervene. She was an influential figure with the Zeus to bequeath the king of gods to inflict defeat and suffering on the Achaeans, so as to ruin Agamemnon. In this context, the comparison of the two is a reflection of the Persian wars, a time of incredible upheavals for the Greece (McDonald 90). The strife and standoff in between is a correspondence of city-states who fought against disheartening odds to preserve their autonomy and mortality. In affirming their mortality, the wars expose the expected tragedy as set along with striking lines. The quest of the two mothers (Attosa and Thetis) to grand their sons (Xerxes and Achilles) their rightful ego in the tumultuous year of the Persian invasion illustrates the evaluation. The events of Thetis to make Achilles immortal by holding him close to fire as an infant every night was to burn away the mortal parts as well as to rub him with ambrosia at the time (Philostrate et al 103). The acts of Attosa depict the return of bedraggled Xerxes to his royal court. This is the replica of Thetis. She inclines into consulting even gods for the sake of his son, Achilles. The mothers present dramatic acts in laying down a final coup to safe their status’ destiny. ... The fact that each of these royal sons could only turn to their mothers to secure their political status beats the logic. Does it mean they could not reclaim their statuses? For example, the image of Persians as cowards is seen through the cowardly acting and melodramatic personality of Xerxes. An instance when he wails loud and tears his clothes is certain. There is also an indicative sign of the social and opinionated realities of the time. Much of the decision made by royal has less to do with what consequences will befall their people and this is what exactly the two sides extent to the immediate society they live. They present to one the certainties of the unknown knowledge of the Persians culture and customers. How these royal families operate is what has gone through many theatres of the time as highlighting a residual sense of fear that required some public exorcism of ridicule (McDonald 65). For example, there is an attempt to incorporate the Persian gods and customs. The de piction in the action of the mothers in deciding the destiny of their sons is that the gods were part of their reality. The standing fact is that Greeks did not know quite enough about the Persians rather than the grossly distorted caricatures of the time. This prompted unending discord to save each other’s autonomy and mortality (Philostrate et al 64). As history would reveal, the historical context stands to share that Persians, Greece had only met through war, and the danger of the strife is how it could not provide the basis for cultural exchange. This explains why the Persian nobles like Attosa and Thetis have to cry to Zeus. For example, Attosa offers libations to the dead ones and proprietary gifts to the gods in impression of Greek customs. At

Web-Based E-Compensation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Web-Based E-Compensation - Research Paper Example They can conduct salary surveys, which they can use for requesting salary changes by using e-compensation software tool. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Web-Based Compensation Tool versus a Client-Server Based System One of the benefits of using the web-based tool are that the computerized approach replaces tiresome manual procedure; hence making any reimbursement program very easier to administer and it is virtually free of error. Secondly, this system does not require installation and any updates; thus saving a lot of time for managers. The web-based compensation can be accessed from anywhere using the Internet connections and the standard browser; thus saving time for managers. The data for this tool can be stored remotely and it takes a little disk space. On the other hand, client-server based would require a manager to manager to maintain, implement, and formulate policies, as well as, processes for maintaining the security and integrity of the server or the client datab ase by resolving any database problems. However, one of the drawbacks with web-based compensation tool is that of the poor user experience due to performance challenges and browser constraints. Secondly, the remote server can be compromised and this is a disadvantage because private information can be disclosed easily to another party. Moreover, the web-based compensation tool requires Internet connections and this can be a limitation since lack of Internet connection can hinder the server from accessing information. Even though access to the Internet connections is increasing, it is still not everywhere; thus it may hinder server form easy access to information. On the other hand, in case of the client-server based, the client-server requires the user to be on the local network because the software is accessed through using the local network. The business entity has to invest in a remote for better access such as having PC everywhere in order to enable the user to access the softwa re. Lastly, accessing the software by using the local network connections is imperative because it can create a realistically swift response and self-sufficiency from the Internet. In my opinion, the client-server based or stand-alone PC-based system would be the most effective for offering the most value to stakeholders in an organization because of varied reasons. One of them is that this tool offers high security to the server; thus employing it in an organization can enable stakeholders to access their private information effectively. Secondly, the client-server based provides set-ups and can be altered without disturbing the clients; hence, it is an effective system for offering valuable services to the client. Moreover, the user and the client can share files effectively through web browsing, use of emails or chat rooms, and lastly, client-server is typically desktops, which are less costly because they can enable the stakeholder to access information even from remote areas as long one is connected to the local network.

Police service Essay Example for Free

Police service Essay What do you think the key role of the police service is and what skills do you bring to the service to execute that role? The key role of the police is to prevent criminal activity to occur in society. This is demonstrated through the use of detecting criminal behaviour, investigating crime and stopping individuals or groups that create a threat to others. Police enforce the law to provide safety and a sense of security. The key role of the police service is to maintain social order through the guidelines of legislations and government policies to enable a safe environment for society to live in. I think Police service requires officers to engage in other communities, treating them equally as any other. This is because it is essential for officers to develop a diverse sense of understanding for one’s culture and religion. Police are given powers to use discretion whilst performing their duties, this is a very important tool that allows officers to make decisions based on their own choice or knowledge and knowing another’s religion can help to use the tool of discretion effectively. An example can be seen through the religion Sikh, where some of the Sikh religious man may wear a small sword on them. This sword is not used for harm but it is just a religious belief for Sikhs. If police do not have any knowledge of the religion, then it is difficult for them to use discretion in a positive manner. One major skill that I would bring to the service is to develop a good understanding of other cultures to assist those who are struggling in the community. Australia is a very multicultural society the different in backgrounds in the police force allows for better communication with society because they know you have a better understanding of who they are which allows you to help them beyond just being a police officer. A key role of the police is to protect society by the use of police powers under the law enforcement powers and responsibilities act 2002 such as arrest. This police power allows the officer to arrest a person either based on suspicion or if one commits an offence. This is done through police investigation whereby police may patrol the streets via walking, driving, or riding a bicycle. Police investigate crimes such as break and enter, property theft, domestic violence, and malicious damage. By investigating and solving criminal offences in the community, the police are giving protection to others and  maintaining social order. The skill that would be used effectively to execute this role is to talk to the offender about the situation and using good negotiation skills, treating him with respect or use reasonable amount of force if necessary depending on the situation. Good negotiation skills may be extremely effective when resolving disputes between neighbours or family members. This skill is important in carrying out policing duties because if society is treated with respect, you will also be treated with respect. If officers do not have the power to arrest, it would be difficult for police to keep society safe from criminals and offenders as they may re-offend. A key role of the police is to be honest, respectful and a trustworthy person. This is important because you may need to work with officers you have never met before. For them to trust you it may be important to share information. At all times truth must be told, as police matters may result in court hearings, and it is only the truth that can distinguish between whether a person is innocent or guilty. In response to this I would behave with discipline and respect those who work around me, if someone is wrong show them the right path to follow. This is important because you are not only looked upon by your colleagues but also others as you may be a role model for others in society. An important key role for the police service is to enforce the law by following and keeping upto date with legislations. Legislations are used to assist those in society. Legislations allow us to understand the law and for the police service to fulfil the required duty as a police officer through following the procedures of acts and amendments.

Loneliness in Herman Melvilles Writing Essay -- Herman Meville Lonely

Loneliness in Herman Melville's Writing "[Melville read] The Solitude of Nature and of Man, or The Loneliness of Human Life (by Horatio Alger) making particular note of passages linked with solitude to the intellectual life" (528 Lorant). Loneliness is a major theme of the life and work of Herman Melville. What makes one so damnably alone and is there a cure for this? Loneliness was something that Melville suffered with his whole life yet he must have cherished his alone time somewhat since a writer's life is to be alone. He has been diagnosed through his work as being bi-polar which may have much to do with how his artisitc career shaped up. How else to account for the seemingly impossible outburst of 7 novels in 7 years with such scope and magnitude and widely differing tones? It is the tone Melville takes with each of his books that is the key to his own personal feeling of loneliness at the time of his writing. I aim to show not only the development of this theme, but also the development of the man through the development of this theme. It is a most illuminating key to one's ambiguous inner self that all artists try to express and do justice. "The whole landscape was one unbroken solitude" --TYPEE TYPEE was his first novel and the adventurous, whimsical love of the process of writing is what comes through the most.TYPEE is not characterized by any of the language, dialog, or images of the dark, cracked embittered loneliness on display throught he rest of his career. To be sure, there is little of his later loneliness in TYPEE, but it's absence is worth mention and is notable. And this may hve had much to do with it's success as his subsequent darker works would be far less successful with critic... ...xt because of the density of the text and the sustained poetic cohesiveness it achieves would be ruined. Given Melville's son's suicide; "Billy Budd" takes on all kinds of personal meanings and expressions. It is such a balanced work that reading it is like going through a dream or a memory which is what Budd and Melville's son have become. Melville, like the captain lives with their sons name always on their lips tot heir dying day. But as was said earlier, it's the tone that's the key and the tone here so gentle, quiet, and accepting as to be the most moving piece and appropriate final pieces to a career and a life because with Melville writing and his life were inseparable. In sum, by looking at this theme and his work you feel you get closer to its maker which is the best compliment they could hope for--and is the most unlonely thought and feeling one can have. Loneliness in Herman Melville's Writing Essay -- Herman Meville Lonely Loneliness in Herman Melville's Writing "[Melville read] The Solitude of Nature and of Man, or The Loneliness of Human Life (by Horatio Alger) making particular note of passages linked with solitude to the intellectual life" (528 Lorant). Loneliness is a major theme of the life and work of Herman Melville. What makes one so damnably alone and is there a cure for this? Loneliness was something that Melville suffered with his whole life yet he must have cherished his alone time somewhat since a writer's life is to be alone. He has been diagnosed through his work as being bi-polar which may have much to do with how his artisitc career shaped up. How else to account for the seemingly impossible outburst of 7 novels in 7 years with such scope and magnitude and widely differing tones? It is the tone Melville takes with each of his books that is the key to his own personal feeling of loneliness at the time of his writing. I aim to show not only the development of this theme, but also the development of the man through the development of this theme. It is a most illuminating key to one's ambiguous inner self that all artists try to express and do justice. "The whole landscape was one unbroken solitude" --TYPEE TYPEE was his first novel and the adventurous, whimsical love of the process of writing is what comes through the most.TYPEE is not characterized by any of the language, dialog, or images of the dark, cracked embittered loneliness on display throught he rest of his career. To be sure, there is little of his later loneliness in TYPEE, but it's absence is worth mention and is notable. And this may hve had much to do with it's success as his subsequent darker works would be far less successful with critic... ...xt because of the density of the text and the sustained poetic cohesiveness it achieves would be ruined. Given Melville's son's suicide; "Billy Budd" takes on all kinds of personal meanings and expressions. It is such a balanced work that reading it is like going through a dream or a memory which is what Budd and Melville's son have become. Melville, like the captain lives with their sons name always on their lips tot heir dying day. But as was said earlier, it's the tone that's the key and the tone here so gentle, quiet, and accepting as to be the most moving piece and appropriate final pieces to a career and a life because with Melville writing and his life were inseparable. In sum, by looking at this theme and his work you feel you get closer to its maker which is the best compliment they could hope for--and is the most unlonely thought and feeling one can have.

Microchips in Humans Essay

In today’s society, technology continues to find new ways to protect our children and families. Several devises have already been developed to track children when they are away from home. These devises work by GPS signal to track the movement of the child and are worn externally or are imbedded in an item of clothing. There are also GPS devices already approved for implantation in humans. VeriChip was the only Food and Drug Administration-approved human-implantable microchip for use in medical purposes (DHHS pg. 71702-71704). These developments have sparked a debate over whether we should consider implanting microchips in humans for tracking and safety reasons and not just medical purposes. Today there are microchips implanted into pets for tracking purposes yet they do not have a GPS signal and only work once the animal is found and not to track their location. These same kinds of devises may be offered in the future for humans. Our government should never allow microchips to be implanted in humans for any purposes much less mandate their use. External tracking devices currently available have the capability to track children for safety without the need for implanting a microchip in the body. This kind of tracking device would serve no purpose in tracking the child’s location. As stated in this article: Chip implants would be of little use in tracking a missing child as readers only have a limited range (Lane par 14). The FDA believes that a person’s overall health may be affected by tissue reaction, movement of implanted chip, failure of transponder, among many other complications. In addition, it is clear that there are many risks involving implantation of these devise (DHHS pg. 71702-71704). The FDA also has a waiver to be signed that releases them from any liability in regards to these devises, not to mention they are also currently conducting research to see if these devices can cause cancer in the patient implanted with these microchips. Today there are microchips ready for implantation into humans but at what cost to our health? We already know that these devises pose several health risks and are a direct violation to human rights. However, what we do not know about the effects of these devises may be far more dangerous than anticipated. Imposing a law to mandate these devices in the future could be far more costly to society then we will ever know. Some say these devises will be  good for medical patients however; there are many other ways to track ones medical history without implanting a foreign object into the body. There are too many side effects associated with this devise, which frankly is unnecessary and not needed for any real purpose, other than for tracking of an individual every move at any given time. Personally, I do not want that kind of power given to anyone. The opposition on the other hand believes that these devises will be good for medical patients. However; there are many other ways to track ones medical history without implanting a foreign object into the body. Currently there are medical I.D. bracelets to alert health care providers to any emergencies without the need for implanting mic rochips. Implanting microchips in humans also raises the question to the right of privacy as well as health concerns related to implantation. Our right to privacy is defined as the right to one’s freedom of intrusion. If all humans were implanted with microchips, there would be no such thing as privacy as we now know it, not to mention the invasiveness of the surgery for implantation. The continuing presence of the microchip within the individual must also be taken into account when considering our human rights. In combination with the surgery, the implant represents a permanent intrusion of our privacy. With an implanted microchip, your brain is hotwired into a computer that has a GPS tracking systems to monitor your movements, every minute of every day, for the rest of your life. Just imagine how creepy that really sounds. The concept of privacy for anyone implanted would never exist again. To protect our privacy, we need to better understand its value and the purpose it serves. Privacy is understood as an important barrier that gives us space to develop an identity that is separate from the supervision, assessmen ts, and values of our society. Privacy is crucial for helping us manage all of the pressures that shape the type of person we are in society. Privacy is also used as the groundwork to protect our other fundamental rights. If our right to privacy were compromised then our other rights would soon faultier as well. To implant microchips into human being seems to be a clear case of intrusion of our bodies and our lives. Another reason our government should not allow microchips implanted in humans is that it would serve no real purpose except to track our movements and why should anyone have that much power over any individual. We need to consider the bigger picture as stated in this  article: Imagine what the government could do with this kind of technology. If it wanted to, it could use this technology to track literally every movement and behavior of everyone at any given time (Slavo par 15). Personally, this technology even being considered in our society should be a crime. The government should not allow or mandate implantation of microchips in humans for any reason. There are many reasons why these devises should not be implanted but instead should be outlawed. These devices not only pose a health risk to patients but also violate our rights to privacy. I have stated many reasons why the government should not allow microchips to be implanted in humans, not only is it morally, ethically and logically wrong but it would also serve no real purpose other than tracking our movements which should never be allowed. Personally, I do not want anyone to have that much power over me and neither should you.

Strength, Personality, and Behavioral Style Assessments ...

Strength, Personality, and Behavioral Style Assessments Motivation In my paper regarding Strength Finder 2.0 assessment (Rath) I came to understand how valuable various assessments are in the development of my leadership abilities. About a year ago I took the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment (The Myers Briggs Foundation); I was identified as an ENTJ and ENFJ (split personality). I recently took another assessment dealing with my behavioral style (Style Analysis). The strength finder 2.0 defined my top five leadership strengths; the Myer- Briggs defined my personality; and this new assessment defined my style behavior. These assessments are very valuable in knowing who I am as a leader. But leadership is about getting others†¦show more content†¦The title of his presentation was Coaching Diverse Styles (Begley). The assessment defines your behavioral style in one of four categories; compliance, dominance, influence and steadiness. The focus of the presentation was in using the assessment to not just understand your ‘behaviora l style’ but to understand the behavioral style of others. The ability to lead requires us to motivate others. Understanding these assessments provides us with a vehicles and means to motivate and lead. Different approaches work for different people, due to culture, educational, skills, behavioral style and other attributes. We must understand what motivate others. Phil recommends that if one must address someone in a difficult situation, such as a performance management situation, to think of one good quality or something that you appreciate about that person. If you can’t, get them off the bus. Jim Collins wrote in his book, Good to Great, (Collins) that a level 5-leader will credited his employees for the success of the organization. Collins also expressed that if you have the right people on the bus, you don’t have to worry about motivation. 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